Guide for fashion photography students in re-creating various fashion and beauty looks from 1900s to 2010s.
Overview of the 1950s hairstyles
Basically, they look like these

Short, Soft and Curly Hair.

(picture above) Supermodel Suzy Parker demonstrated how the curly looking was achieved by pin curling and hairspray.
The Hairdryer was not invented till after the 1950s. The curly look was achieved by pin curling and rolling. Women slept with rollers and curlers on their hair then.

Universal-International Studios released the illustration (above left) to show how you can replicate Sandra Dee's 1959 look

Poodle cut: Lucille Ball
Source: http://www.fiftiesweb.com/fashion/fashion-wh.htm